Section 1.1 & 1.2: Types of Relations

Show that each of the relations \(R\) in the set \(A = \{x \in \mathbb{Z} : 0 \leq x \leq 12\}\) given by
(i) \(R = \{(a, b) : |a - b| \text{ is a multiple of } 4\}\)
(ii) \(R = \{(a, b) : a = b\}\)
is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1 in each case.